1 Samuel 18:3
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
Original Language Analysis
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת
made
H3772
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת
made
Strong's:
H3772
Word #:
1 of 7
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
בְּרִ֑ית
a covenant
H1285
בְּרִ֑ית
a covenant
Strong's:
H1285
Word #:
4 of 7
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
Cross References
1 Samuel 20:42And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.2 Samuel 21:7But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD'S oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.1 Samuel 23:18And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.
Historical Context
Ancient covenants typically involved formal ceremonies, witnesses, and symbolic actions. Political covenants between rulers or heirs were common, but this covenant arose from love rather than political calculation. Its terms would later include protection for Jonathan's house (20:14-17).
Questions for Reflection
- What commitments strengthen your most important spiritual friendships?
- How does covenant love differ from friendship based on convenience or mutual benefit?
Related Resources
Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.
Analysis & Commentary
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
The covenant between Jonathan and David formalized their soul-bond with sworn commitments. Hebrew berit (covenant) involved solemn obligations, often sealed with sacrifice and ceremonies. Jonathan's initiative in covenant-making shows he recognized David's divine destiny and willingly subordinated his own claims. This covenant would later protect David's life and shape his treatment of Jonathan's descendants.